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  3. 卷 · 9 - 知人
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为君者,贵有知人之明。如水之鑑形,镜之烛物,妍媸不可得而迯。如无知人之明,则忠良莫辨。如汉元帝不明弘恭、石显之奸邪,而杀萧望之忠良之臣;如隋煬帝之不明裴矩、虞世基、宇文述之奸邪,杀忠臣薛道衡;唐玄宗不明张九龄之忠,乃见降黜,而李林甫奸邪进用。故元帝流有莽贼之祸,煬帝遂有江都之弒,玄宗遂有禄山之乱。斯皆在己之不明,有此过恶。大抵忠臣之言,往往逆於人主之心,人主能听之,则天下未有不治;奸臣邪说,往往顺人主之志,人主不能察,则天下未有不乱。《书》曰:「有言逆於汝心,必求诸道;有言逊於汝志,必求诸非道。」人主知此,则忠良得以保全,而谗邪之人不得而间之矣。大抵听忠言难,从諛言易。然歷世以忠正得罪,而谗諛蒙幸,盖由人主听断之不明,故善恶不分,而是非倒置。人君审善恶,辨是非。是非既辨,而邪正自分。去邪而用正,则未有不治;任恶而屏善,则未有不乱。此可为深戒也,不可不察。
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